Description
Pantogam Pharmacodynamics
The spectrum of action of Pantogam® is due to the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid in its structure. The mechanism of action is due to the direct effect of Pantogam® on the GABA-receptor-channel complex. The drug has nootropic and anticonvulsant effects. Pantogam® increases resistance of the brain to hypoxia and toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, combines a moderate sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect, reduces motor excitability, activates mental and physical performance. Improves GABA metabolism in chronic alcohol intoxication and after ethanol withdrawal. It is able to inhibit acetylation reactions involved in the mechanisms of inactivation of novocaine and sulfonamides, thus prolonging the action of the latter. Causes inhibition of pathologically increased bladder reflex and detrusor tone.
Indications
– Children with perinatal encephalopathy from the first days of life;
– Various forms of infantile cerebral palsy;
– mental retardation of varying severity, including behavioral disorders;
– disorders of the psychological status of children in the form of general mental retardation, specific disorders of speech, motor functions and their combination, the formation of school skills (reading, writing, counting, etc.);
– hyperkinetic disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
– neurosis-like conditions (with stuttering, predominantly clonic form, tics, inorganic encopresis and enuresis);
– decreased mnestic-intellectual productivity due to arteriosclerotic changes of cerebral vessels, initial forms of senile dementia, organic brain lesions of traumatic, toxic, neuroinfectious genesis;
– schizophrenia with cerebral organic insufficiency (in combination with psychotropic drugs);
– extrapyramidal disorders in organic brain diseases (myoclonus-epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea, hepatolenticular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, etc.), and also for treatment and prevention of extrapyramidal syndrome caused by taking neuroleptics;
– Epilepsy with slowed mental processes and decreased cognitive productivity in conjunction with anticonvulsants;
– psycho-emotional overload, decreased mental and physical performance, to improve concentration and memory;
– Neurogenic urinary disorders (pollakiuria, imperative urges, imperative incontinence)
Contraindications
– Hypersensitivity to the drug;
– acute severe kidney disease;
– Pregnancy (1st trimester);
– Phenylketonuria (the syrup contains aspartame).
Administration during pregnancy and breast-feeding:
It is not recommended to use the drug during pregnancy and breast-feeding because of lack of experience in clinical use in this category of patients
Dosage and administration
- Pantogam® Syrup 100 mg/ml is taken orally 15-30 minutes after a meal. A single dose for adults is usually 2.5-10 ml (0.25-1 g), for children – 2.5-5 ml (0.25-0.5 g); a daily dose for adults – 15-30 ml (1.5-3 g), for children – 7.5-30 ml (0.75-3 g). The course of treatment is 1-4 months, sometimes up to 6 months. After 3-6 months, it is possible to conduct another course of treatment.
- For children, depending on the age and pathology of the nervous system, the following dosage range is recommended: for children during the first year – 5-10 ml (0.5-1 g) per day, up to 3 years – 5-12.5 ml (0.5-1.25 g) per day, for children from 3 to 7 years – 7.5-15 ml (0.75-1.5 g), over 7 years – 10-20 ml (1-2 g). The treatment tactics provides for dose escalation within 7 to 12 days, intake at the maximum dose for 15 to 40 days or more with gradual dose lowering until cancellation within 7 to 8 days. The course of treatment is 30-90 days (for some conditions up to 6 months or more).
- For schizophrenia in combination with psychotropic drugs – 5 to 30 ml (0.5 to 3 g) per day. The course of therapy is from 1 to 3 months. In epilepsy in combination with anticonvulsants – in dose from 7.5 to 10 ml (0.75 to 1 g) per day. The course of therapy is up to 1 year or more.
- In neuroleptic syndrome accompanied by extrapyramidal disorders, daily dose is up to 30 ml (up to 3 g), treatment for several months.
- In extrapyramidal hyperkinesia in patients with organic diseases of the nervous system – from 5 to 30 ml (0.5-3 g) per day. The course of treatment is up to 4 months and more.
- For consequences of neuroinfections and craniocerebral injuries – from 5 to 30 ml (0.5-3 g) a day.
- For restoration of ability to work at high loads and asthenic conditions Pantogam® is prescribed 2.5-5 ml (0.25-0.5 g) 3 times a day.
- In case of urinary disorders, children should take 2.5-5 ml (0.25-0.5 g), daily dose is 25-50 mg/kg, treatment course is 1-3 months; for adults – 5-10 ml (0.5-1 g) 2-3 times a day.
