Description
Lycopid Pharmacodynamics
The active ingredient of Likopid® tablets is glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (GMDP), which is a synthetic analog of the structural fragment of the shell (peptidoglycan) of bacterial cells. GMDP is an activator of innate and acquired immunity, enhances the body’s defense against viral, bacterial and fungal infections; it has an adjuvent effect in the development of immunological reactions.
Its biological activity is realized by binding of GMDP to intracellular receptor protein NOD2, localized in cytoplasm of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells). The preparation stimulates functional (bactericidal, cytotoxic) activity of phagocytes, increases their presentation of antigens, proliferation of Т- and B-lymphocytes, increases synthesis of specific antibodies, promotes normalization of Th1/Th2-lymphocytes balance towards prevailing Th1. The pharmacological action is achieved by increasing the production of key interleukins (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon gamma, colony-stimulating factors. The drug increases the activity of natural killer cells.
Lycopid® has low toxicity (LD50 exceeds the therapeutic dose 106 000 times and more). In experiment, when administered orally in doses 100 times higher than the therapeutic dose, the drug has no toxic effect on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and does not cause pathological changes of internal organs. Lycopid® has no embryotoxic and teratogenic effect and does not cause chromosomal and gene mutations. In experimental studies conducted on animals, data on the antitumor activity of Lycopid® (GMDP) were obtained.
Indications
The drug is used in adults and children (from 3 years) in the treatment of diseases accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency states:
Children
Chronic, recurrent infections of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the acute phase and in remission;
– Acute and chronic pyo-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis and others);
– Herpetic infection.
Adults
Chronic respiratory tract infections;
– Acute and chronic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis and others);
– Herpetic infection.
Prophylactic treatment (adults)
– Prevention and reduction of seasonal morbidity of acute respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic diseases of the ENT-organs, upper and lower respiratory tract.
Contraindications .
Hypersensitivity to glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide and other components of the drug;
Pregnancy and breast-feeding; autoimmune thyroiditis in the acute phase;
conditions accompanied by febrile fever (>38 °c) at the time of drug administration;
rare congenital metabolic disorders: lactasia, galactosemia, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrose/isomaltase deficiency, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption;
use in autoimmune diseases is not recommended due to lack of clinical data.
Administration during pregnancy and lactation
The preparation Likopid® 1 mg is contraindicated for women during pregnancy and breast feeding.
Dosage and administration method
- Lycopid® is taken orally or sublingually on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before a meal.
- In case of skipping of drug intake, if it has passed not more than 12 hours from the planned time, you can take the missed dose; in case if it has passed more than 12 hours from the planned time of intake, you should take only the next dose according to the scheme and not take the missed one.
- Dose adjustment is not required in certain groups of patients (elderly, patients with impaired liver function, patients with impaired renal function).
- Children:
Acute and chronic purulent inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis and others): 1 tablet once daily under the tongue for 10 days. Chronic, recurrent infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (in the acute phase and in remission): Likopid® is taken in 3 courses on 1 tablet once a day under the tongue for 10 days, with a break between courses of 20 days. - Herpetic infection: 1 tablet 3 times a day orally or under the tongue for 10 days.
- Adults:
Chronic respiratory tract infections: 2 tablets once daily under the tongue for 10 days. - Acute and chronic purulent inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis and others): 2 pills 2-3 times daily under the tongue for 10 days.
- Herpetic infection: 2 tablets 3 times a day orally or under the tongue for 10 days.
- Prophylaxis (adults):
for prevention or reduction of seasonal morbidity of acute respiratory diseases and the frequency of exacerbations of ENT organs, upper and lower respiratory tract Lycopid® take 1 tablet 3 times daily under the tongue for 10 days.
