Description
Xanthinol Nicotinate Pharmacodynamics
Xanthinol nicotinate combines the properties of drugs of the group of theophylline and nicotinic acid: it has an antiplatelet effect, dilates peripheral blood vessels, and improves collateral circulation. By blocking adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterase, increases the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the cell, substrate stimulates the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). It improves microcirculation, oxygenation and tissue nutrition. With prolonged use it has anti-atherosclerotic effect, activates fibrinolysis processes, reduces concentration of cholesterol and atherogenic lipids, increases lipoprotein lipase activity, reduces blood viscosity, and decreases platelet aggregation.
By reducing the total peripheral vascular resistance, it increases the minute blood volume and enhances the cerebral circulation, reduces the severity of the consequences of cerebral hypoxia.
Indications
As part of the treatment: obliterating atherosclerosis of limb vessels, Raynaud’s disease, obliterating endarteritis, diabetic angiopathy, acute thrombophlebitis (superficial and deep veins), trophic leg ulcers, cerebrovascular insufficiency, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia.
Contraindications .
Hypersensitivity to xanthinol nicotinate or any other drug component, acute heart failure or decompensated chronic heart failure, acute bleeding, acute myocardial infarction, mitral stenosis, peptic ulcer in acute phase, arterial hypotension, pregnancy (especially in I trimester), lactation, acute renal failure, glaucoma, unstable angina pectoris. Childhood (no experience of use).
Administration during pregnancy and breast-feeding
Do not use in the first trimester of pregnancy. During the second and the third trimester of pregnancy, the drug may be used only in case of absolute indication, when the estimated benefits to the mother exceed the potential risk to the fetus. Administration of the drug in this case should be carried out under close supervision of a physician.
If it is necessary to take the drug during lactation, it is necessary to interrupt breast-feeding because nicotinic acid is excreted in breast milk.
Dosage and administration method
- Intravenously (by jet or drop), intramuscularly.
The severity of the disease, the patient’s condition and the routes of administration of the drug are assessed by the physician. - When administered intramuscularly, 2-6 ml of 15% solution daily for 2-3 weeks.
The drug is administered intravenously slowly by jetting 300 mg (2 ml of the drug) 1 – 2 times a day (the patient should be in a horizontal position). The duration of treatment is 5 to 10 days. - In acute peripheral and cerebral circulatory disorders the drug is administered intravenously by drip at a rate of 40-50 drops per minute. For this purpose, 1500 mg (10 ml) of the drug is diluted in 200 to 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution or in 200 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, the obtained infusion mixture is introduced by drop infusion within 1.5 to 4 hours. The infusion may be repeated up to 4 times a day; the duration of treatment is 5 – 10 days.
- Patients with an implanted pacemaker are prescribed the drug in a lower dose.
