Description
Potassium Chloride Bufus Pharmacodynamics
K+ drug, restores water-electrolyte equilibrium. It has negative chrono- and batmotropic effect, in high doses – negative in- and dro-motropic, as well as a moderate diuretic effect. At low doses K+ dilates coronary vessels, at high doses it narrows them. It participates in the process of conducting nerve impulses. When administered intravenously, it increases the release of epinephrine by the adrenal glands.
Activates many cytoplasmic enzymes, participates in maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure, in protein-synthetic reactions and transport of amino acids. Improves skeletal muscle contraction in muscular dystrophy and myasthenia. Increasing the concentration of K+ reduces the risk of toxic effects of cardiac glycosides.
Indications
Hypokalemia (including diabetes mellitus, prolonged diarrhea and/or vomiting, therapy with hypotensive drugs, some diuretics, glucocorticosteroids), treatment and prophylaxis of digitalis intoxication, prevention of arrhythmia in myocardial infarction patients (in acute period).
Contraindications
Hyperkalemia, complete atrioventricular block, adrenal insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, concomitant therapy with potassium-saving diuretics, metabolic disorders (acidosis, hypovolemia with hyponatremia), pregnancy, lactation, age under 18 years (effectiveness and safety is not established).
Pregnancy and lactation:
If it is necessary to use in pregnancy, the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus should be compared.
During lactation it is necessary to decide whether to stop breast-feeding.
Dosage and administration method
- Intravenously. If hypokalemia with cardiac arrhythmia occurs, 1-1.5 g 4-5 times daily: the dose is decreased after recovery of cardiac rhythm. If digitalis intoxication – 2-3 g/day, in severe cases – up to 5 g. For stopping paroxysmal tachycardia attacks, 8-12 g on the first day, with subsequent reduction to 3-6 g.
- Intravenously by shot, if necessary intravenous drip (slowly over 1 hour) – 2-2.5 g in 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution. For prevention and treatment of ectopic arrhythmias in myocardial infarction – polarizing mixture: potassium chloride solution in 5% – 10% dextrose solution (insulin is added at the rate of 1 unit per 3-4 g of dry dextrose).
