Description
Carnitine Chloride Pharmacodynamics
Carnitine is a metabolic agent. The drug stimulates metabolic processes by participating in various parts of energy metabolism, has anabolic, antihypoxic and antithyroid effect, activates lipid metabolism, stimulates regeneration, increases appetite. Carnitine – a natural substance related to the B vitamins. It is a cofactor of metabolic processes to maintain the activity of coenzyme A (CoA). Reduces basal metabolism, slows the breakdown of protein and carbohydrate molecules. It promotes penetration through mitochondrial membranes and splitting of long-chain fatty acids (palmitic and other) into acetyl-CoA, which is necessary for pyruvate carboxylase activity during gluconeogenesis, ketone bodies formation, synthesis of choline and its esters, oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation. Mobilizes fat (the presence of three labile methyl groups) from fat depots. It competitively displaces glucose and promotes a fatty acid metabolic shunt, whose activity is not limited by oxygen (unlike aerobic glycolysis). Therefore, the drug is effective in acute hypoxia (including brain) and other critical conditions. It has a neurotrophic effect, inhibits apoptosis, limits the affected area and restores the structure of nervous tissue. Normalizes protein and fat metabolism, elevated basal metabolism in hyperthyroidism (being a partial thyroxine antagonist). The preparation restores blood alkaline reserve, does not affect the blood coagulation system, reduces the formation of ketoacids, increases tissue resistance to the effects of toxic decay products, stimulates aerobic processes and inhibits anaerobic glycolysis, has antihypoxic properties, stimulates and accelerates reparative processes.
Indications
– Acute violations of cerebral circulation – ischemic stroke (in acute, subacute and recovery periods), transient ischemic attack – as part of the treatment;
– dyscirculatory encephalopathy;
– Traumatic and toxic lesions of the brain.
Contraindications .
Hypersensitivity to the drug, children under 18 years of age (special studies have not been conducted in children).
Administration during pregnancy and lactation
No special studies on its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been carried out. A decision on the use should be taken, assessing the ratio of the possible risk to the child and the benefit to the mother.
Directions for use and dosages
- The drug is administered intravenously, slowly (not more than 60 drops per minute!).
- Before injection, the contents of one or two ampoules – 5 – 10 ml (0.5 – 1 g) – are diluted in 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution for injection.
- In acute cerebral circulation disorders, 1 g once daily for the first three days and then 0.5 g daily for 7 days. Repeated courses are recommended after 10 to 12 days – 0.5 g once daily for 3 to 5 days.
- When prescribing the drug in subacute and recovery periods, in discirculatory encephalopathy and various brain lesions, patients are administered 0.5 to 1 g (1 to 2 ampoules) of the drug once a day for 3 to 5 days. If necessary, a repeated course is prescribed after 12 – 14 days.
