Description
Cortisone Pharmacodynamics
GCS. It has a significant effect on carbohydrate metabolism and, to a lesser extent, on water and electrolyte metabolism. It has mineralocorticoid activity: sodium retention, potassium loss, fluid retention in the body. Promotes glycogen accumulation in the liver, increases blood glucose content, increases urinary excretion of nitrogen. It has anti-inflammatory, desensitizing and anti-allergic effects, and immunosuppressive activity.
Its anti-inflammatory activity is caused by inhibition of phospholipase A2, which leads to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, decrease in secretion of macrophage chemotactic factor, decrease in migration of macrophages and lymphocytes to inflammation focus, stabilization of lysosomal membranes and prevention of secretion of lysosomal enzymes. Immunosuppressive effect is associated with a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells, with decreased binding of immunoglobulins to cell receptors, suppression of blast-transformation of B-lymphocytes, decreased number of interleukins, lymphokines, circulating immunocomplexes, complement fractions.
Increases urinary calcium excretion, activates bone tissue lysis through a mediated increase in calcitonin, increases osteoclast activity, and decreases osteoblast function.
It has a catabolic effect, increases protein breakdown. Has lipolytic effect, increases the content of fatty acids in the blood. Reduces ACTH production by the anterior pituitary lobe, which leads to suppression of activity and subsequent atrophy of the adrenal cortex.
Indications
Addison’s disease, secondary chronic insufficiency of the adrenal cortex (in hypopituitarism). Allergic, inflammatory, infectious-allergic, autoimmune diseases.
Contraindications .
Gastric and duodenal ulcer in the acute phase, Cushing’s disease, susceptibility to thromboembolism, renal insufficiency, severe arterial hypertension, systemic mycoses, viral infections, vaccination period, active tuberculosis, glaucoma, osteoporosis, productive symptoms of mental diseases, hypersensitivity to cortisone.
Dosage and administration method
- Individual. Daily daily dose is 10-300 mg in several doses. Maximum doses for adults: single dose is 150 mg and daily dose is 300 mg. Smaller doses are used in children. It should be borne in mind that the individual dose of cortisone is determined by the severity of the disease rather than by the age of the patient.
